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Carbon Emissions Per Capita

TONNES PER HEAD

Per capita carbon emissions — averaging around 4.8 tonnes of CO₂ per person globally from fossil fuel combustion and industry — highlight individual and national contributions to global warming. These emissions, driven by energy use, lifestyles, and economic activity, accumulate greenhouse gases and intensify climate change. Related air pollutants can also affect regional climates and air quality in the near term.

Data source: World Bank, Washington D.C. and World Economics Research, London


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    Carbon Emissions (Tonnes per Capita)
Country Estimated Change
(50 years, 1973-2023)		 1950
(Tonnes)		 1970
(Tonnes)		 1990
(Tonnes)		 2000
(Tonnes)		 2015
(Tonnes)		 2020
(Tonnes)		 2023
(Tonnes)
Qatar -49.5% 14.47 64.98 25.92 62.50 42.96 36.56 38.84
Brunei -62.1% 8.57 60.70 21.37 16.32 20.44 24.94 25.64
Bahrain 7.7% 11.78 11.52 22.33 28.67 23.97 25.22 23.27
Trinidad and Tobago 150.0% 3.63 9.07 13.56 18.46 33.98 23.68 22.83
Saudi Arabia -4.4% 3.02 12.70 17.11 19.15 22.10 19.88 22.13
United Arab Emirates -69.3% 53.17 27.24 32.01 26.64 23.01 21.55
Kuwait -17.2% 2.50 30.92 22.44 28.08 30.87 21.74 20.51
Oman 431.4% 0.35 6.36 10.47 18.56 15.17 15.55
Australia 15.0% 6.82 11.74 16.24 18.29 18.30 15.51 14.48
United States -35.8% 16.48 20.88 20.21 21.35 18.26 13.89 14.30
Canada -17.5% 11.22 15.91 16.48 18.33 16.22 13.80 13.98
Mongolia 452.9% 0.37 2.20 4.52 3.03 5.10 11.27 13.66
Kazakhstan -9.0% 6.65 12.64 15.63 9.25 14.78 13.11 12.55
Russia -1.3% 4.01 11.05 17.02 10.08 11.34 11.16 12.49
Taiwan 338.9% 0.50 1.94 6.03 10.16 11.66 11.50 11.20
Korea, Rep. 429.3% 0.11 1.65 5.68 9.41 12.19 11.52 11.16
Luxembourg -74.1% 25.02 40.48 30.95 19.95 22.06 12.81 10.51
Iceland 17.8% 5.19 6.79 8.72 10.43 11.40 9.11 9.71
Turkmenistan -12.1% 4.46 9.05 8.87 8.59 10.64 9.25 8.60
Singapore -9.5% 1.89 8.53 14.32 9.26 8.75 8.31 8.51
China 632.7% 0.15 0.98 2.15 2.87 6.38 7.65 8.37
Libya 32.5% 0.13 15.51 8.21 10.04 9.10 4.86 8.35
Malaysia 413.6% 0.60 1.43 3.04 5.35 6.96 7.77 8.22
Japan -3.8% 1.19 7.21 9.38 9.95 9.48 8.24 7.95
Czechia -52.2% 6.49 15.76 15.94 12.43 11.23 8.69 7.92
Poland -25.9% 4.53 9.35 9.90 8.30 8.77 7.92 7.46
Estonia -63.0% 6.22 17.47 23.51 11.07 14.24 6.92 7.33
Belgium -50.1% 8.84 13.03 12.08 12.36 10.47 7.91 7.12
Germany -48.7% 7.31 13.12 13.23 10.99 10.23 7.75 7.05
Norway -8.5% 2.58 7.22 8.25 9.38 9.33 7.67 7.05
Ireland -10.5% 3.34 6.55 9.38 11.90 9.17 7.05 6.63
Netherlands -46.6% 5.07 10.86 10.83 10.71 10.87 7.75 6.56
Israel 5.6% 1.30 5.78 7.88 9.74 9.31 6.72 6.43
Austria -18.9% 3.01 6.78 8.10 8.26 8.61 6.97 6.42
South Africa -10.9% 4.68 6.72 7.68 8.02 8.85 7.17 6.36
Bosnia and Herzegovina 87.3% 1.01 2.89 4.47 3.29 5.55 6.31 6.34
Bahamas, The -84.0% 0.66 13.89 7.33 6.26 6.06 5.14 6.27
Serbia 22.3% 1.32 4.33 7.34 5.84 6.18 6.54 6.25
Belarus -25.5% 2.65 7.29 10.64 5.50 6.58 6.32 6.20
New Zealand -4.7% 4.48 5.02 7.51 8.36 8.01 6.71 5.82
Finland -46.6% 1.63 8.76 11.42 11.02 11.95 6.82 5.65
Slovak Republic -50.7% 5.34 10.90 11.68 7.66 7.13 5.71 5.57
Greece 29.1% 0.54 2.76 8.13 9.55 8.75 5.19 5.39
Slovenia -11.9% 1.56 5.17 7.56 7.58 8.05 6.11 5.35
Cyprus 41.9% 0.54 2.63 5.89 7.49 7.18 5.39 5.33
Bulgaria -33.3% 1.03 7.21 8.70 5.70 6.44 5.29 5.31
Italy -18.8% 0.89 5.55 7.68 8.20 7.24 5.05 5.27
Türkiye 228.3% 0.45 1.16 2.71 3.51 4.31 4.80 4.95
Spain 4.3% 1.18 3.45 5.89 7.56 6.04 4.44 4.63
Denmark -61.1% 5.15 12.59 10.40 10.17 8.87 4.85 4.58
Hong Kong 107.0% 0.67 2.24 4.88 6.01 5.64 4.47 4.55
Croatia 42.3% 0.76 2.65 4.73 4.54 4.88 4.27 4.50
United Kingdom -62.2% 9.99 11.72 10.49 9.64 8.13 4.84 4.44
Lithuania -50.6% 2.88 7.79 9.68 3.39 4.47 4.85 4.37
Argentina 14.6% 1.76 3.46 3.42 3.86 4.50 3.65 4.30
Guyana 73.8% 0.62 2.25 1.51 2.29 2.52 4.16 4.29
Azerbaijan -36.1% 2.86 6.04 7.10 3.64 3.01 3.56 4.26
Suriname -20.9% 1.09 4.24 4.21 4.60 4.31 4.77 4.21
Hungary -40.8% 1.97 6.78 7.07 5.72 5.21 4.83 4.15
France -60.4% 4.83 9.08 6.91 6.83 5.94 4.26 4.10
North Macedonia -2.6% 1.21 3.64 5.38 4.12 3.99 3.72 4.07
Chile 47.3% 1.42 2.50 2.45 3.77 4.15 4.14 3.93
Algeria 48.9% 0.42 1.09 3.02 2.76 3.27 3.82 3.86
Mexico 43.7% 1.11 2.24 3.83 3.97 4.02 3.38 3.72
Switzerland -49.6% 2.18 6.51 6.58 6.07 5.76 3.96 3.69
Thailand 489.9% 0.05 0.43 1.58 2.66 3.51 3.80 3.69
Ukraine -67.1% 3.53 9.66 13.57 5.77 6.34 4.63 3.62
Portugal 60.0% 0.67 1.76 4.54 6.39 5.00 4.03 3.57
Romania -48.7% 1.18 6.00 7.70 4.23 4.13 3.80 3.57
Uzbekistan -36.5% 2.75 5.15 5.04 4.98 3.79 3.26 3.50
Sweden -67.7% 4.08 11.48 6.72 6.19 5.66 3.55 3.47
Latvia -54.5% 2.36 6.69 7.39 2.99 4.08 3.68 3.46
Malta 40.0% 0.83 2.03 6.60 6.17 6.20 3.09 3.42
Lebanon 22.8% 1.12 1.65 2.19 3.57 3.97 4.18 3.37
Vietnam 491.5% 0.06 0.68 0.33 0.70 1.60 3.70 3.34
Mauritius 315.1% 0.38 0.60 1.34 2.21 3.05 2.97 3.25
Laos 1697.2% 0.21 0.12 0.18 0.47 2.65 3.24
Panama 30.3% 0.83 1.77 1.07 1.90 2.50 1.69 3.14
Georgia 35.0% 0.79 2.01 2.93 1.04 1.59 2.79 3.09
Dominican Republic 126.8% 0.15 0.71 1.25 2.21 2.09 2.45 2.83
Botswana 3326.6% 2.07 2.25 2.23 2.35 2.71
Jamaica -36.3% 0.19 2.66 3.16 3.96 2.79 2.44 2.69
Tunisia 208.6% 0.34 0.73 1.63 2.00 2.61 2.38 2.69
Indonesia 565.3% 0.14 0.31 0.85 1.30 1.81 2.21 2.61
Armenia 12.1% 1.07 2.10 2.53 1.12 1.45 2.35 2.59
Ecuador 207.0% 0.21 0.70 1.57 1.65 2.41 1.88 2.40
Egypt 267.0% 0.48 0.63 1.29 1.97 2.28 2.15 2.35
Uruguay 14.2% 1.12 2.06 1.28 1.61 1.90 1.91 2.32
Brazil 79.0% 0.37 0.98 1.47 1.96 2.27 2.13 2.30
Bhutan 19700.0% 0.01 0.32 0.67 1.29 1.62 2.18
Gabon -74.0% 0.02 3.49 4.56 4.80 3.39 2.42 2.18
India 494.7% 0.18 0.33 0.67 0.93 1.35 1.73 2.13
Colombia 33.5% 0.62 1.36 1.75 1.45 1.70 1.77 2.01
Moldova -74.5% 2.77 6.74 8.20 0.84 1.33 1.71 1.94
Bolivia 171.0% 0.17 0.54 1.40 0.98 1.45 1.55 1.91
Jordan 49.7% 0.39 0.99 2.89 2.82 2.83 1.93 1.85
Albania -18.8% 0.24 1.71 1.68 0.96 1.63 1.64 1.83
Morocco 209.2% 0.29 0.48 0.92 1.17 1.67 1.77 1.82
Lesotho N/A 0.81 0.92 1.14 0.97 1.68
Peru 22.1% 0.59 1.32 0.97 1.08 1.46 1.43 1.65
Costa Rica 57.8% 0.31 0.68 0.93 1.37 1.65 1.35 1.62
Kyrgyzstan -70.3% 2.21 4.46 4.31 0.91 1.16 1.25 1.44
Namibia N/A 0.95 1.32 1.40 1.41
Philippines 72.0% 0.19 0.66 0.65 0.90 0.86 1.18 1.35
El Salvador 161.3% 0.12 0.39 0.46 0.95 1.04 1.06 1.30
Congo, Rep. 55.9% 0.11 0.41 0.42 1.36 1.23 1.34 1.24
Paraguay 250.7% 0.04 0.31 0.53 0.71 0.88 1.12 1.19
Cambodia 8807.7% 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.35 1.14 1.16
Guatemala 123.7% 0.20 0.43 0.55 0.84 0.77 0.99 1.13
Honduras 107.4% 0.19 0.51 0.50 0.77 0.96 0.94 1.04
Cabo Verde 392.3% 0.56 0.13 0.48 0.66 1.09 1.00 1.02
Eswatini 16.0% 0.01 0.83 1.10 1.16 0.90 0.94 0.90
Sri Lanka 213.5% 0.21 0.29 0.23 0.53 0.63 0.91 0.88
Mauritania 125.4% 0.39 0.44 0.43 0.62 1.04 0.88
Tajikistan -68.7% 1.45 2.62 2.23 0.36 0.33 0.97 0.87
Nicaragua 18.7% 0.14 0.58 0.49 0.74 0.78 0.71 0.82
Pakistan 165.0% 0.15 0.34 0.58 0.67 0.77 0.98 0.81
Papua New Guinea 60.2% 0.04 0.28 0.55 0.53 0.62 0.80 0.80
Zimbabwe -57.9% 1.14 1.56 1.53 1.16 0.66 0.55 0.68
Bangladesh 967.7% 0.02 0.06 0.13 0.20 0.36 0.57 0.66
Senegal 107.6% 0.14 0.29 0.41 0.39 0.54 0.65 0.66
Ghana 150.4% 0.13 0.27 0.23 0.27 0.35 0.60 0.58
Angola -26.0% 0.04 0.61 0.44 0.99 0.99 0.49 0.57
Nigeria -31.6% 0.06 0.39 0.40 0.77 0.69 0.61 0.56
Nepal 1656.3% 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.12 0.18 0.54 0.56
Myanmar 295.7% 0.05 0.17 0.11 0.23 0.27 0.65 0.56
Comoros 384.4% 0.12 0.15 0.19 0.25 0.47 0.53
Cote d'Ivoire -9.0% 0.20 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.28 0.38 0.42
Sudan 4.7% 0.08 0.38 0.22 0.19 0.43 0.45 0.40
Benin 241.4% 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.20 0.48 0.42 0.40
Kenya 25.5% 0.16 0.27 0.25 0.34 0.29 0.42 0.39
Zambia -61.6% 1.00 0.87 0.31 0.18 0.22 0.43 0.37
Cameroon 173.4% 0.03 0.10 0.23 0.38 0.43 0.37 0.35
Haiti 252.3% 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.22 0.29 0.30
Mali 592.7% 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.30 0.28
Togo 67.9% 0.02 0.12 0.24 0.26 0.39 0.28 0.28
Guinea 57.9% 0.06 0.19 0.16 0.18 0.24 0.34 0.28
Tanzania 27.8% 0.07 0.13 0.08 0.08 0.16 0.27 0.27
Burkina Faso 827.6% 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.25 0.27
Afghanistan 97.0% 0.01 0.15 0.17 0.05 0.30 0.30 0.27
Gambia 142.2% 0.05 0.09 0.19 0.19 0.22 0.28 0.26
Yemen, Rep. -28.4% 0.01 0.36 0.69 0.80 0.96 0.30 0.26
Mozambique -39.8% 0.15 0.36 0.08 0.07 0.12 0.21 0.24
Chad 297.5% 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.14 0.16
Sierra Leone -22.3% 0.08 0.32 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.15
Madagascar -2.7% 0.08 0.15 0.08 0.12 0.08 0.14 0.14
Liberia -85.0% 0.05 0.99 0.21 0.14 0.18 0.15 0.14
Guinea-Bissau -25.4% 0.01 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.14
Ethiopia 103.4% 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.13 0.12
Uganda 8.5% 0.02 0.14 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.13 0.12
Rwanda 587.5% 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.11
Niger 52.3% 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.10
Malawi -27.2% 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.08
Central African Republic -23.6% 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.06
Burundi 160.0% 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05
Congo, Dem. Rep -69.9% 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04





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