Egypt review of economic, population and ESG data by World Economics

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Egypt: Worst Governance in the Emerging Markets

Updated: March 2023

Key Insights

Egypts’s economic and demographic data are unreliable, graded D on the World Economics classification scale. The data presented here have been re-estimated and improved where possible, using Purchasing Power Parity data to make international comparisons, by the addition of best estimates for the large Informal economy in Egypts, and by estimates to correct for the use by Egypts’s outdated System of National Accounts framework (SNA). We believe they represent a more realistic view of the Egyption economy, but counsel users that this cannot be guaranteed in a country with significant Governance and corruption problems.
The Egyptian economy is estimated by World Economics to be 49% larger than official data suggests, and the second biggest economy in Africa.
Egypts large population benefits from high levels of GDP pe Capita in relation to the rest of Africa but only around half those of other Emerging Market countries.
Egypt suffers from poor levels of governance, the lowest ranking country in the Emerging Markets
Climate change is affecting Egypt more than most countries with temperatures increasing faster than the global average.

ECONOMY SIZE

When measured in Purchasing Power Parity terms, including estimates for its large informal economy, and adjustments for outdated base year measures, Egypt's GDP is currently the nineteenth largest in the world, second largest in Africa and ninth largest in the Emerging Markets

Gross Domestic Product: 2022
Ranked by GDP

Country Extract of country GDP by Size See full interactive table	GDP PPP (Billions)	GDP Data Quality Grade	Share of Global GDP %

Mexico	$3,370	C	2.0%
Italy	$3,184	A	1.9%
Korea, Rep.	$2,874	A	1.7%
Saudi Arabia	$2,439	B	1.4%
Spain	$2,302	A	1.3%
Canada	$2,108	A	1.2%
Nigeria	$2,018	E	1.2%
Egypt	$2,010	D	1.2%
Pakistan	$1,856	C	1.1%
Thailand	$1,849	D	1.1%
Poland	$1,674	B	1.0%
Taiwan	$1,564	C	0.9%
Vietnam	$1,535	D	0.9%
Bangladesh	$1,495	E	0.9%
Australia	$1,491	A	0.9%

Access the interactive all country GDP by Size table

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GDP Data Quality

Data rankings are produced from scores in five areas: Base year recency; System of National Accounts framework version; Informal economy size; Statistical resources available; and likelihood of Government interference. Scores are based on a 0-100 scale. Read more...
Official GDP data for Egypt are rated grade D - Poor quality.
Egypt's GDP data quality ranks 118th globally, 28th for Africa and 23rd of 24 countries in the Emerging Markets.

Data Quality Ratings: Africa
Index: 0 = Extremely poor quality, 100 = Good as it gets

Country Extract of country table See full interactive version	Data Quality Index	Data Quality Grade	Base Year	SNA Version	Informal Economy %	Resoucres Index 0-100	Corruption Index 0-100

Tanzania	68.1	D	2017	2008	46.7	63.3	38
Tunisia	68.1	D	Chained	1993	30.4	58.9	40
Mauritania	67.5	D	2014	2008	31.3	61.1	30
Cameroon	66.5	D	2016	2008	29.9	46.7	26
Mozambique	66.1	D	2014	2008	34.3	62.2	26
Gambia	65.4	D	2013	2008	44.3	70.0	34
Eswatini	63.9	D	2011	2008	40.9	71.1	30
Egypt	63.4	D	2016	1993	34.8	82.2	30
Zambia	61.0	D	2010	2008	38.7	53.3	33
Sierra Leone	59.0	E	2006	2008	37.3	60.0	34
Ethiopia	58.4	E	2015	1993	33.5	47.8	38
Liberia	56.2	E	2016	1993	42.6	57.8	26
Zimbabwe	55.0	E	2012	2008	64.1	58.9	23
Guinea-Bissau	54.7	E	2015	1993	35.5	48.9	21
Nigeria	54.1	E	2010	2008	57.7	53.3	24

Access the interactive all country Data Quality Ratings table

Key:
Data Quality Index numbers shown on a scale of 0-100.
         0 = Poor, 100 = Excellent.

Resources Index numbers shown on a scale of 0-100.
         0 = Low level of resources, 100 = High level of resources.

Corruption Index numbers shown on a scale of 0-100.
         0 = High corruption, 100 = Low corruption.

Grade definitions:
         A: As good as it gets;
         B: Use with caution;
         C: Unreliable for many purposes
         D: Extremely poor quality.

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ECONOMIC GROWTH

Egypt's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) over the last 10, 5 and 3 years was 4.2%, 4.9% and 4.5% respectively.
On a 10-year CAGR basis Egypt ranks as the 18th fastest growing economy in the Africa region and 6th of 24 countries in the Emerging Markets over the past decade.

Egypt's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) over the last 10-years

Country Extract of country CAGR See full interactive table	Global Rank:	GDP Data Quality: Grade	CAGR 10 Year: 2012-2022	CAGR 5 Year: 2017-2022	CAGR 3 Year: 2019-2022	Global Growth Share: Percentage

Togo	27	C	5.0%	4.5%	4.1%	0.0%
Burkina Faso	28	C	5.0%	4.8%	4.1%	0.1%
Philippines	29	C	4.8%	2.9%	0.7%	1.1%
Uganda	30	C	4.8%	5.0%	4.1%	0.1%
Ghana	31	C	4.7%	4.7%	2.7%	0.2%
Cameroon	32	D	4.4%	3.7%	2.6%	0.1%
Morocco	33	C	4.4%	3.8%	2.7%	0.3%
Egypt	34	D	4.2%	4.9%	4.5%	1.5%
Nepal	35	E	4.2%	3.8%	1.6%	0.1%
Indonesia	36	C	4.2%	3.4%	2.3%	3.6%
Mongolia	37	B	4.1%	2.6%	-0.3%	0.0%
Georgia	38	B	4.0%	4.3%	3.9%	0.1%
Mali	39	E	4.0%	2.7%	1.4%	0.1%
Malaysia	40	C	3.9%	2.6%	1.3%	0.9%
Mozambique	41	D	3.9%	2.1%	1.5%	0.0%

Access the interactive all country CAGR table

Over the past 10 years the global economy has grown by 35%. Egypt's contribution to this growth was 1.5% once any allowances are made for base year and informal economy size.

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WEALTH

GDP per Capita has grown at a slower rate than comparable countries in the North African region but faster than countries in the Emerging Markets generally.
In GDP per Capita terms, Egypt ranks 6th for Africa and 21st for the Emerging Markets.

Egypt's GDP Per Capita Growth
Index: 1996 = 100

GDP Per Capita: Africa
Ranked by GDP per Capita

Country Extract of country GDP per capita See full interactive table	GDP Per Capita PPP (Int$)	GDP per Capita Data Quality Grade

Gabon	$28,630	E
Libya	$26,862	E
Mauritius	$25,655	B
Botswana	$23,335	C
South Africa	$19,375	C
Egypt	$18,935	D
Eswatini	$14,544	D
Tunisia	$13,834	D
Algeria	$13,266	B
Namibia	$12,505	C
Angola	$11,138	E
Morocco	$11,054	C
Nigeria	$9,310	E

Africa Average	$7,957	-
Emerging Markets Average	$39,337	-

Access the interactive all country GDP per Capita table

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INEQUALITY

The distribution of income in an economy and can be measured on a country by country basis by the Gini Coefficient. Gini values are not all up-to-date but in the case of Egypt the data relates to 2017.
World Economics has Indexed the Gini Coefficient in relation to each country for comparison purposes. The Index is on a scale of 0-100. A high value indicates a more egalitarian society - and a low value suggests a lot of the national income is in the hands of a relatively small section of the population.
Egypt ranks 32nd globally, 3rd for the Africa region and 6th in the Emerging Markets for Inequality.

Inequality Rankings: Africa
Index: 0-100, 0 = High Inequality; 100 = High Equality

Country Extract of country Inequality See full interactive table	Regional Rank	Inequality Index	Poverty % of Population

Egypt	1	71.5	3.8%
Algeria	2	65.7	0.4%
Mali	3	60.8	16.3%
Mauritania	4	60.2	6.0%
Guinea	5	58.5	23.2%
Tunisia	6	58.2	0.2%
Nigeria	7	55.1	39.1%
Liberia	8	53.9	44.4%

Access the interactive all country Inequality table

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DEBT

World Economics produces GDP data in Purchasing Power Parity terms with added estimates for the size of the informal economy and adjustments for out-of-date GDP base year data.
Egypt's is officially reported as having a debt-to-GDP ratio is calculated to be 89.2% by the IMF.
Using the World Economics GDP database, Egypt's GDP is calculated to be 49% larger than official estimates. Its debt ratio is consequently calculated at 59.8%

Debt-to-GDP Ratio for Emerging Market Countries
Ranked by % of GDP

Country Extract of country debt See full interactive table	Global Rank	Debt-to-GDP Ratio

Brazil	29	66.2%
Bahamas, The	30	66.1%
Germany	31	63.9%
China	32	62.4%
Hungary	33	60.7%
Jamaica	34	60.1%
Iceland	35	59.9%
Egypt	36	59.8%
Finland	37	58.2%
Ghana	38	57.7%
Slovenia	39	56.2%
Croatia	40	56.1%
El Salvador	41	54.8%
Argentina	42	54.3%
Guinea-Bissau	43	53.9%

Africa Average			43.1%
Emerging Markets Average			43.7%

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Debt-to-GDP Ratio

POPULATION

Egypt is the fourteenth most populous country in the world with approximately 106 million inhabitants.
Egypt last conducted a national census in 2017. Read more from the World Economics Population Data Quality Ratings and see how Egypt compares to other countries around the world and in the Africa region.

Egypt's Population Breakdown

Country Extract of country Population See full interactive table	Population Size (Millions)	Median Age (Years)	Age Dependency (Young)	Age Dependency (Old)	Age Dependency (Total)

Brazil	215.4	32.8	29.4%	13.7%	43.1%
Bangladesh	167.9	26.3	39.1%	8.6%	47.7%
Russia	145.8	38.8	26.6%	23.4%	50.0%
Mexico	131.6	29.0	37.3%	12.2%	49.4%
Japan	125.6	48.4	20.1%	51.0%	71.1%
Ethiopia	120.8	18.5	70.2%	5.5%	75.7%
Philippines	112.5	24.5	47.8%	8.3%	56.2%
Egypt	106.2	23.9	53.2%	7.7%	60.8%
Vietnam	99.0	32.0	32.8%	12.7%	45.6%
Congo, Dem. Rep	95.2	15.6	92.1%	5.9%	98.0%
Turkey	85.6	30.9	34.5%	12.3%	46.8%
Germany	83.9	44.9	21.7%	34.7%	56.4%
Thailand	70.1	39.3	22.7%	20.8%	43.5%
United Kingdom	68.5	39.6	27.8%	29.8%	57.7%
France	65.6	41.6	28.3%	34.8%	63.1%

Access the interactive all country Population table

Egypt has a young population profile of 53.2% and an old population profile of 7.7%. The average age is low at 24.6 years old.

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ENVIRONMENT

Egypt's total emissions of Carbon Dioxide and Methane are considerable placing it as the 28th largest of polluters by volume but on per capita level, Egypt moves down the list to below the global median.
The World Economics Emissions Index (on a scale of 0-100, 0=bad, 100=good) gauges the relative emissions for a country. The Emissions Index is based on the equal weighting of total Carbon and Methane emissions.

Environmental Factors
Index: 0 = High Emissions, 100 = Low Emissions

Country Extract of country table See full interactive version	Emissions Index 0-100	Carbon Emissions Total	Carbon Emissions Per Capita	Methane Emissions Total	Methane Emissions Per Capita	Air Quality PM2.5	Water Access per capita

Argentina	93.8	186.5	4.1	130.9	2.9	12.0	85.3%
Japan	94.2	1,067.4	8.5	27.7	0.2	10.8	100.0%
South Africa	94.7	435.9	7.3	82.3	1.4	19.8	95.1%
Germany	95.0	674.8	8.0	49.5	0.6	10.7	46.9%
Vietnam	95.2	326.0	3.3	82.5	0.8	20.9	91.7%
Algeria	95.3	176.3	4.0	95.9	2.2	22.7	94.4%
Bangladesh	95.7	93.2	0.6	94.8	0.6	46.0	85.2%
Egypt	95.7	249.6	2.4	78.2	0.8	63.2	98.2%
Thailand	95.8	278.5	4.0	71.3	1.0	24.6	98.8%
Turkey	96.0	446.2	5.3	49.3	0.6	26.5	93.9%
Turkmenistan	96.2	83.0	13.6	82.8	13.5	26.4	92.6%
France	96.3	306.0	4.7	58.2	0.9	10.5	77.6%
Ethiopia	96.3	17.8	0.2	88.4	0.8	21.8	57.2%
Colombia	96.4	91.7	1.8	78.4	1.5	14.0	80.9%
United Kingdom	96.4	346.8	5.1	51.2	0.8	9.5	97.7%

See: Access the interactive all country Environmental data table

Key:
Emissions Index numbers shown on a scale of 0-100.
0 = Bad, 100 = Good.

Notes:
Format: Carbon data in Million MtCO2e and Methane data in MtCO2e, Air Quality: PM2.5

Methodology: Total Carbon and Total Methane data for each country has been indexed on a scale of 0-100 by using the standard deviation from the mean for each country. The implied Indexes are averaged to calculate a total Emissions Index which focuses on each countries emissions.

Egypt was the 63rd hottest country in the World with an average annual temperature of 23.9 degrees centigrade (75.0 degrees Fahrenheit).
Temperatures in Egypt have risen on average by 1.7 degrees centigrade over the last century with the largest rises taking place since 1970.

Averge Annual Temerature by Year: Egypt

Source: CCKP. World Bank Group, Climate Change Knowledge Portal

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SOCIAL

The World Economics Social Index averages multiple key social indicators covering Health, Education and Employment.
Egypt has an average level rank for its social metrics, 98th out of 155 countries and 6th of 46 in the Africa region.

Social Factors: Africa
Index: 0 = Poor metrics, 100 = Excellent metrics

Country Extract of country table See full interactive version	Social Factors Index	Life Expectancy Years	Median Age Years	Mean Years Schooling Years	Population in Work Population %	Population in Poverty %

South Africa	83.7	80.7	27.1	12.8	35.1%	0.0%
Senegal	80.4	76.9	17.8	11.3	42.9%	0.0%
Mauritius	77.7	73.6	36.8	10.4	52.4%	0.0%
Sudan	76.6	76.4	18.4	10.8	38.5%	0.0%
Algeria	73.9	76.4	27.8	8.1	35.1%	0.0%
Egypt	70.4	70.2	23.9	9.6	37.4%	0.0%
Tunisia	69.5	73.8	31.7	7.4	38.2%	0.0%
Libya	68.2	71.9	26.3	7.6	38.3%	0.0%
Cabo Verde	66.7	74.1	26.5	6.3	45.9%	0.0%
Gabon	65.7	65.8	21.6	9.4	37.5%	0.0%
Morocco	65.3	74.0	28.7	5.9	38.6%	0.0%
Sierra Leone	62.8	74.2	18.8	11.4	53.0%	0.0%
Botswana	58.8	61.1	23.5	10.3	45.5%	0.0%

Access the interactive all country Social data table

Key:
Social Factors Index numbers shown on a scale of 0-100
0 = Poor social metrics, 100 = Excellent social metrics.

Each pupil in education receives 7.4 years of schooling (on average) - approximatly a year less than the global average.

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GOVERNANCE

Egypt ranks 131st globally, 38th in the Africa region and last in the Emerging Markets for Governance.

Governance Factors Index: Africa
Index: 0 = Poor, 100 = Good

Country Extract of country Governance See full interactive table	Governance Index (0-100 Index)	Rule of Law Index (0-100 Index)	Press Freedom (0-100 Index)	Political Rights (0-100 Index)	Corruption Perceptions (0-100 Index)

Guinea Bissau	38.3	19.8	63.5	46.5	23.3
Mozambique	37.8	29	53.8	39.5	28.9
Algeria	37.5	34.1	49.1	30.2	36.7
Guinea	37.4	26.8	64.6	30.2	27.8
Sudan	37.4	25	44.2	55.8	24.4
Mali	36.9	32.1	58.8	25.6	31.1
Gabon	35.9	36.8	60.4	14.0	32.2
Egypt	33.5	47.2	32.6	20.9	33.3
Eswatini	33.2	39.9	50.1	9.3	33.3
Zimbabwe	32.6	23.8	48.5	32.6	25.6
Cameroon	32.6	27.6	53.0	20.9	28.9
Congo, Rep.	31.2	26.7	63.3	11.6	23.3
Burundi	29.6	23.1	60.2	16.3	18.9
Central African Republic	29.2	14.5	61.5	14.0	26.7
Chad	28.4	22.4	60.6	9.3	21.1

Access the interactive all country Governance table

Key:
The World Economics Governance Index gives equal weight to all four criteria.

Index numbers shown on a scale of 0-100.

Governance: 0 = Poor governance, 100 = As good as it gets.
Corruption Perceptions: 0 = Bad, 100 = Good.
Rule of Law: 0 = low rule of law, 100 = High rule of law.
Press Freedom: 0 = Low press freedom, 100 = High press freedom.
Political Rights: 0 = Low political rights, 100 = High political rights.

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